Card Game · Lowest House Edge

The complete
blackjack strategy guide.

Every hand, calibrated. The mathematically optimal action for every combination of your cards and the dealer's upcard — for the 6-deck shoes used at every major South African casino.

8 min read Updated Nov 2024 Skill · Beginner–Intermediate

Blackjack is the only game in any South African casino where, played correctly, you can reduce the house's mathematical edge to under one percent. That single fact is what separates it from every other table. It rewards study; nothing else on the floor does.

This guide covers the whole picture: the rules as they're actually dealt at Emperors Palace, Sun City, GrandWest and Montecasino; the basic strategy charts for hard hands, soft hands, and pairs; the bankroll discipline that keeps you in your seat long enough for the maths to work.

If you take one thing from this guide: the dealer's upcard tells you everything. Your first job is to make the right decision against it — not to chase a number.

How blackjack actually works

The goal is to beat the dealer's hand without going over 21. You're not playing the other players at the table; only the dealer. Every card has a value: number cards count as printed, face cards (Jack, Queen, King) count as 10, and the Ace counts as either 1 or 11 — whichever is better for you.

You'll be dealt two cards face up. The dealer takes one face up and one face down. Now you decide: hit, stand, double, or split. The dealer always plays last and follows fixed rules — typically standing on any 17, hitting any 16 or below.

The four actions, explained

  • Hit: Take another card. You can keep hitting until you stand or bust (go over 21).
  • Stand: Keep your current total. The dealer will play their hand.
  • Double: Double your bet and take exactly one more card. A powerful move with the right starting total.
  • Split: If you're dealt two cards of the same rank, you can split them into two separate hands, each with its own bet.

For South African players

Most SA casinos deal blackjack from a 6-deck shoe. The dealer stands on soft 17. Blackjack pays 3:2 on most tables — but be aware that some 6:5 tables exist (especially at lower minimums), and the difference is enormous. Never play 6:5 blackjack. That single rule change adds roughly 1.4% to the house edge, which is more damage than every other rule combined.

Hard hands: the foundation chart

A "hard hand" is any hand without an Ace — or one where the Ace must count as 1 to avoid busting. These are the bread and butter of every session. Here's the optimal action for each:

Your HandDealer 2–6Dealer 7–8Dealer 9Dealer 10Dealer A
8 or lessHitHitHitHitHit
9DoubleHitHitHitHit
10DoubleDoubleDoubleHitHit
11DoubleDoubleDoubleDoubleHit
12StandHitHitHitHit
13–16StandHitHitHitHit
17 or moreStandStandStandStandStand

Notice the pattern. When the dealer is showing a weak card (2–6), they're more likely to bust. You can stand on stiff hands (12–16) and let them break. When the dealer shows a strong card (7–Ace), they'll probably make a strong hand — you have to take the risk and hit.

Soft hands: the flexible chart

A soft hand contains an Ace counting as 11. The defining feature: you can never bust on a single hit, because the Ace can drop to 1. This changes everything. Soft hands give you license to be aggressive.

Your HandDealer 2–6Dealer 7–8Dealer 9–A
Soft 13–14 (A,2 / A,3)DoubleHitHit
Soft 15–16 (A,4 / A,5)DoubleHitHit
Soft 17 (A,6)DoubleHitHit
Soft 18 (A,7)DoubleStandHit
Soft 19–20StandStandStand

Pairs: when to split

Splitting is one of the most misunderstood actions in blackjack. Get it right and you turn one weak hand into two playable ones. Get it wrong and you double your loss on a hand you should have folded into.

Your PairDealer 2–6Dealer 7–8Dealer 9–A
A,A — AcesAlways SplitAlways SplitAlways Split
10,10Never SplitNever SplitNever Split
9,9SplitStandSplit (vs 9)
8,8Always SplitAlways SplitAlways Split
7,7SplitHitHit
5,5Never SplitNever SplitNever Split
2,2 / 3,3SplitHitHit

Five rules that everyone breaks

  1. Never take insurance. No matter what your hand is. The bet has a 7%+ house edge.
  2. Always split Aces and 8s. Aces become two 11s. Eights become two fresh starts instead of a brutal 16.
  3. Never split 10s. Twenty is one of the strongest hands in blackjack. Don't break it for two unfinished ones.
  4. Always stand on hard 17 or higher. The bust risk dwarfs any improvement upside.
  5. Double 11 against any dealer card except an Ace. One of the most profitable single decisions in the game.

Bankroll: how to not go broke

Even with perfect basic strategy, you will lose sessions. Variance is unavoidable. The whole point of bankroll discipline is to keep playing long enough for the math to come good. Some practical rules for SA players:

  • Bring at least 40–50 times your minimum bet as your session bankroll. R2,000 for a R50 table.
  • Set a session loss limit before you sit down — and walk when you hit it.
  • Set a profit-taking target — and lock in some of it before chasing more.
  • Bet flat. Don't increase bet size after losses. That's not strategy; that's the casino's plan.
  • Take breaks. Fatigue is the most reliable predictor of strategy mistakes.

Continue learning

Common Questions

You asked.

No. Basic strategy reduces the house edge to roughly 0.5%, but does not eliminate it. You will still lose individual sessions — variance is real. What basic strategy guarantees is that no other style of play has better long-term expected value at the same table. It is the mathematically optimal baseline for every hand.

Card counting is not illegal in South Africa — it is a mental skill, not cheating. However, casinos are private property and may ask suspected counters to leave or restrict them to non-blackjack tables. Most SA casinos use 6–8 deck shoes and frequent mid-shoe shuffles specifically to suppress counting effectiveness.

Almost never. Insurance pays 2:1 against a dealer blackjack, but the actual probability of dealer blackjack is roughly 31%. The bet carries a house edge of over 7% — one of the worst on the casino floor. The only exception is for skilled card counters tracking deck composition, which doesn't apply to recreational players.

Single-deck blackjack with dealer-stands-soft-17, double-on-any-two-cards, and 3:2 blackjack payouts is the lowest-edge variant — under 0.2%. SA casinos most commonly offer 6-deck shoes with dealer-stands-soft-17 and 3:2 payouts, which produces around 0.5%. Always avoid tables where blackjack pays 6:5 — that single rule swing adds 1.4% to the house edge.